Freeform gradient-index media reconstruction

Abstract

Reconstructing a gradient-index (GRIN) medium consists of determining a spatial refractive index distribution that produces a prescribed ray trajectory, an inverse problem in geometrical optics. Previous approaches have used geometrical symmetries and conserved ray quantities to address this inverse problem. Extending reconstruction to freeform media requires approaches that do not rely on these symmetries. Here, we present a three-dimensional point-wise method for reconstructing freeform GRIN media through the inverse application of local refraction. The method does not require geometrical symmetry, paraxial approximations, or prior knowledge of the iso-indicial surfaces, and is straightforward to implement. Reconstruction using two interface geometries demonstrates that different refractive index distributions can be obtained from the same prescribed trajectory function. The choice of interfaces thus provides an additional degree of freedom for optical design, subject to local refraction conditions and compatibility between overlapping reconstructed regions.