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arXiv · 2610.24642

Spectral-Aware Proposal Enhancement for Diffusion-Based Multispectral UAV Multi-Object Tracking

Xu Lin·Tingfa Xu·Tianhao Li·Haolin Qin·Huawei Gao·Jichuan Xing·Jianan Li
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Abstract

Multispectral UAV multi-object tracking (MOT) with oriented bounding boxes remains challenging due to small targets, cluttered backgrounds, and unstable inter-frame associations. Although diffusion-based MOT provides an effective iterative proposal refinement paradigm, existing diffusion-based trackers lack dedicated designs for exploiting multispectral cues in proposal initialization and confidence calibration, limiting tracking robustness in complex UAV scenarios. This letter proposes DSATrack, a diffusion-guided spectral-aware tracking framework for multispectral UAV MOT. Specifically, a lightweight spectral encoder injects multispectral information into the RPN branch through feature fusion, enabling the RPN head to generate high-quality object-aware proposals. These proposals are then injected into the initial proposal set to provide reliable spatial priors for diffusion refinement. Furthermore, a spectral-saliency confidence modulation strategy recalibrates refined tracking confidence according to local multispectral saliency contrast before score thresholding, enhancing spectrally reliable candidates while suppressing unreliable ones. Without modifying the original diffusion refinement head, DSATrack improves both proposal quality and post-refinement candidate selection. Experiments on the MMOT benchmark demonstrate that DSATrack outperforms the adapted DiffusionTrack baseline by 4.6 HOTA, 9.0 MOTA, and 7.7 IDF1 points, showing its effectiveness for multispectral UAV MOT.

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Xu Lin, Tingfa Xu, Tianhao Li, Haolin Qin, Huawei Gao, Jichuan Xing, Jianan Li. 2026-10-17. Spectral-Aware Proposal Enhancement for Diffusion-Based Multispectral UAV Multi-Object Tracking. https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2026.3742763

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