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arXiv · 2610.33055

GMoE-FTI: A Universal Facial Template Inversion Method Adopting Genuine Mixture-of-Experts Mechanism

Zixuan Shen·Zhihua Xia·Kaikai Gan·Peipeng Yu
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Abstract

Face recognition systems have been ubiquitously deployed across daily scenarios. To protect user privacy, mainstream systems store facial templates rather than raw face images for identity verification. However, facial template inversion (FTI) technologies can reconstruct faces from templates, which endangers biometric privacy. Existing FTI methods only fit single type of templates, failing to reconstruct identity-consistent faces from unseen types. To tackle this limitation, we survey mainstream template extractors which can be classified into five categories according the template distribution: unit-sphere, angle-linear, strict unit-sphere, cone-shaped, anuniform hypersphere. Inspired by this observation, this paper proposes GMoE-FTI, a universal FTI framework powered by a genuine MoE mechanism that differs from load-balanced multi-branch alternatives. It follows a three-stage training strategy: (1) independently train five mapping experts (MEs) and a matching module (MM); (2) conduct collaborative inference by weighting each ME's output with MM's output, so as to generate unified latent codes compatible with pre-trained StyleGAN3; (3) perform end-to-end joint fine-tuning over all modules to identity consistency and boost cross-expert coordination. Extensive evaluations on the LFW benchmark validate the superiority of GMoE-FTI against SOTA methods. Evaluated on seven prevailing unseen template types including AdaFace, CosFace, CurricularFace, ElasticFace, SphereFace2, SphereFace-R, and TransFace, GMoE-FTI achieves an average 40% TAR improvement, with average FAPD and FAPC each reduced by 2%, verifying its universal generalization across heterogeneous templates.

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Zixuan Shen, Zhihua Xia, Kaikai Gan, Peipeng Yu. 2026-10-19. GMoE-FTI: A Universal Facial Template Inversion Method Adopting Genuine Mixture-of-Experts Mechanism. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.33055

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