Multi-time-scale Control of Power Systems

Emiliano Dall'Anese; John W. Simpson-Porco; Florian Dorfler; Saverio Bolognani; Sairaj Dhople

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arXiv · 2610.36357

Multi-time-scale Control of Power Systems

Emiliano Dall'Anese·John W. Simpson-Porco·Florian Dorfler·Saverio Bolognani·Sairaj Dhople

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Abstract

The power grid has been dominated by large synchronous generators and clearly separated control layers. Today, power-electronics energy conversion interfaces are rapidly being deployed calling for another look at system-level control hierarchies. This article examines how multi-time-scale modeling, feedback control, and feedback optimization can help reinterpret the traditional organically grown hierarchy of primary control, automatic generation control, and economic dispatch, and enable new approaches for control of contemporary power systems. Beginning with an overview of power system models and conventional operational practices, the article develops connections to modern control architectures that can coordinate heterogeneous resources, account for operational constraints, and exploit faster actuation without overlooking first-principles physics.

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Emiliano Dall'Anese, John W. Simpson-Porco, Florian Dorfler, Saverio Bolognani, Sairaj Dhople. 2026-10-26. Multi-time-scale Control of Power Systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36357

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