Rotational Perturbation Theory for Magnetic Interactions

Vladimir Antropov

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arXiv · 2610.36424

Rotational Perturbation Theory for Magnetic Interactions

Vladimir Antropov

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Abstract

We develop rotational perturbation theory for magnetic interactions in collinear and noncollinear systems, distinguishing prescribed rotations of exchange fields from constrained rotations of magnetic moments. At the full exchange splitting, we derive Green-function expressions for prescribedfield energy curvatures directly from perturbation theory, without invoking the local force theorem; constrained-moment curvatures additionally require the stationary magnetic response and are related to the inverse static susceptibility. We examine noncollinear pair interactions and planar and conical spin spirals, and derive the long-wavelength ferromagnetic spin-wave stiffness and, assuming adiabatic sublattice precession, the antiferromagnetic spin-wave velocity. Orbital-nonlocal magnetic potentials and correlated electronic response reveal further requirements for connecting rotational curvatures to collective magnetic behavior. As a practical extension, we project the complete transverse pair Hessian onto an effective scalar Heisenberg exchange and quantify the unreconstructed curvature. Biquadratic and three-spin examples illustrate why locally extracted exchange coefficients need not represent transferable bilinear interactions.

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Vladimir Antropov. 2026-10-27. Rotational Perturbation Theory for Magnetic Interactions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36424

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