Level ordering in the linear $E \otimes e$ dynamic Jahn-Teller model

Abstract

The ground level of the linear $E\otimes e$ dynamic Jahn-Teller model has long been believed to be the doublet with vibronic angular momentum $j = \pm\tfrac12$. We prove that, for arbitrary coupling strength, the $n$th level $E_{nj}$ in the subspace of fixed $j$ strictly increases with $|j|$ for every $n$, $E_{n,1/2} < E_{n,3/2} < E_{n,5/2} < \cdots$; in particular, the ground level is always the $j = \pm\tfrac12$ doublet. The proof uses only a unitary transformation that lowers $j$ by one, combined with the variational principle. We also give an explicit lower bound on the gap $E_{0,j+1} - E_{0j}$.