Testing Extended Exponential Infrared Teleparallel Gravity with CMB, DESI, and PantheonPlus

Abstract

We place cosmological constraints on an extended exponential infrared (EExpIR) $f(T)$ teleparallel gravity model using current observational datasets. The extension is characterized by an additional parameter, $b$, which governs the late-time cosmological dynamics. Owing to the existence of two solution branches, phase-space analysis is employed to select the cosmological branch and to establish an appropriate prior range for the new parameter. In this framework, the torsion sector acts as an effective dark-energy component, exhibiting a smooth evolution from a quintessence-like phase to a phantom regime, while recovering the standard cosmological behavior at early times. To constrain the model parameters, we combine early-Universe observations from Planck, ACT, and SPT measurements of the CMB with late-time probes from DESI BAO and PantheonPlus Type Ia supernovae. Using the full dataset, including the SH0ES calibration, we obtain $b=0.573^{+0.016}_{-0.060}$ and $H_0=70.67^{+0.31}_{-0.35}~{\rm km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$ at 68\% CL. Model comparison based on Bayesian evidence reveals that the EExpIR $f(T)$ and the $Λ$CDM models are statistically indistinguishable when only CMB data are considered, whereas the inclusion of the full cosmological dataset with SH0ES leads to a weak preference in favor of $Λ$CDM.