Finite-Size Heavy-Diquarks and State-Dependent Corrections to Heavy Antiquark-Diquark Symmetry

Abstract

Heavy antiquark-diquark symmetry (HADS) maps a compact color-antitriplet heavy pair onto a pointlike antiquark source, but retaining a finite diquark mass does not retain its spatial extent. We develop a finite-size framework that treats the heavy diquark as a composite cluster with an independently determined mass and scale. A unified peak-height-weighted radius prescription applies to ground and radially excited diquarks in nonstrange and strange environments. For 16 selected states of $Ξ_{cc}$, $Ω_{cc}$, $Ξ_{bb}$, and $Ω_{bb}$, the mean absolute mass deviation from the central AL1 three-body spectrum falls from 108 MeV in the point-source limit to 10 MeV, without fitting to baryon levels. The structure-resolution angle defines $δ_{\rm HADS}=1-\langle\cos\hatθ\rangle$, a quantitative, state-dependent measure of the finite-size contribution to HADS breaking. Internal excitation increases this correction, whereas external excitation reduces it, demonstrating that the same heavy source can be resolved differently by distinct surrounding states. Comparisons across reference potentials preserve these trends and the spectral improvement.