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arXiv · 2610.40785

Model-independent and reconstruction-free evidence for cosmic acceleration from DESI baryon acoustic oscillations

Laura Herold·Graeme E. Addison·Adam G. Riess
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Abstract

While there is ample evidence that the universe's expansion is accelerating, most of this evidence relies on assuming a shape of the relative expansion rate, $H(z)/H_0$, informed by a cosmological model or a kinematical approach. Model-independent analyses are common for supernova datasets but rarely applied to other data. In this work, we use uncalibrated baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) from DESI DR2 for a model-independent test of acceleration, which makes no assumptions about the theory of gravity or the energy content of the universe. We test for cosmic acceleration with three model-independent statistics that rely purely on the measured Alcock-Paczyński parameter, the isotropic BAO, and the line-of-sight BAO, and do not require any reconstruction between redshift bins unlike previous analyses. Accounting for the look-elsewhere effect, among all statistics we find $2.4σ$ - $4.1σ$ evidence for cosmic acceleration within $0 \leq z \leq 0.934$ when assuming flatness; allowing for spatial curvature, $|Ω_k| \leq 1$, at least two of the three statistics retain $2.4σ$ - $3.5σ$.

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Laura Herold, Graeme E. Addison, Adam G. Riess. 2026-10-29. Model-independent and reconstruction-free evidence for cosmic acceleration from DESI baryon acoustic oscillations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40785

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