Characterizing $\pT$-differential Radial-Flow Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at FAIR with a Multi-Phase Transport Model

Abstract

We report the first predictions of the transverse-momentum ($\pT$)-differential radial-flow fluctuation observable, $\vzpT$, in Au+Au collisions at the top SIS100 energy, $\snn=4.9$~GeV, which will be available at the FAIR accelerator complex. Radial flow and its fluctuations are studied for different centrality intervals and reference-$\pT$ selections to investigate the properties and robustness of the calculated long-range correlation. $\vzpT$ displays a characteristic evolution from negative values at low $\pT$ to positive values at higher $\pT$. The integrated $v_0$, obtained with different reference-$\pT$ intervals, follows a common trend, with an approximately inverse-square-root dependence on the inclusive charged-particle multiplicity ($\nch$). The $\vzpT$ signal changes little when the pseudorapidity gap is varied between 0.2 and 0.8, or when the edges of the reference-$\pT$ interval are varied, in the bulk region. For identified particles, the pion and proton $\vzpT$ are ordered at low $\pT$, qualitatively similar to the mass ordering seen at higher energies. However, unlike at higher collision energies, $\vzpT$ does not exhibit constituent-quark scaling, so the results do not support an interpretation in terms of partonic collectivity. These results provide constraints on the evolution of radial correlations toward lower collision energies and motivate comparisons with complementary observables to clarify their connection to collective dynamics.