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arXiv · 2611.00113

Predicting Cognitive Profiles from Structural MRI using Spatial Graph Representation Learning

Taslima Ferdaus Shuva·Md. Tanvir Rahman·Risala Tasin Khan·Mohammad Ali Moni·ASM Ashraf Mahmud
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Abstract

Predicting cognitive abilities from structural neuroimaging remains challenging due to the high dimensionality and geometric complexity of brain morphology. Conventional models typically flatten regional morphometry into tabular features, failing to explicitly represent spatial relationships. We propose a Spatial-Topological Graph Neural Network (ST-GNN) to predict four distinct cognitive phenotypes across large pediatric cohorts (N = 2,378 to 2,424). By projecting regional morphometry onto a population-level standardized spatial graph, ST-GNN restricts message passing to defined neighboring regions. Evaluations demonstrate that ST-GNN effectively fuses spatial morphology with systemic covariates, outperforming linear baselines and topology-free deep models. Ablations reveal that imposing a sparse geometric topology (K-nearest neighbors) and utilizing global feature scaling - which preserves absolute morphometric scale - outperform fully connected networks and region-normalized approaches. These choices provide transferable architectural inductive biases, revealing differences between computational routing and morphometric feature attribution. Integrated Gradients analysis identified distinct morphological features consistent with neuroanatomical evidence, such as cerebellar volume for working memory and superior frontal surface area for executive function. These findings suggest standardized structural MRI provides useful information for task-specific cognitive prediction, establishing a foundation for MRI-based neurodevelopmental assessment.

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Taslima Ferdaus Shuva, Md. Tanvir Rahman, Risala Tasin Khan, Mohammad Ali Moni, ASM Ashraf Mahmud. 2026-10-28. Predicting Cognitive Profiles from Structural MRI using Spatial Graph Representation Learning. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00113

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