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arXiv · 2611.00219

Ad-conditions for higher-order recurrences: Dunkl and matrix-valued settings

I. Bono Parisi·F. A. Grünbaum·I. Zurrián
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Abstract

The ad-conditions of Duistermaat and Grünbaum characterize bispectrality for a pair of differential operators. M.~Reach observed that a sequence of functions which is simultaneously an eigenfunction of a second-order differential operator and satisfies a recurrence relation of arbitrary order must satisfy a different kind of ad-conditions. We prove that the Reach ad-conditions are also sufficient, by an argument which is purely algebraic. This motivated us to explore ad-conditions in two new directions: to Dunkl differential-difference operators, where the coefficients of the ad-condition become elements of the Dunkl algebra and the reflection enters as a coefficient, and to matrix-valued orthogonal polynomials, where we exhibit ad-conditions for several families of exceptional matrix-valued polynomials satisfying five- and seven-term recurrence relations.

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I. Bono Parisi, F. A. Grünbaum, I. Zurrián. 2026-10-30. Ad-conditions for higher-order recurrences: Dunkl and matrix-valued settings. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00219

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