Stability of Solitons in the Parametrically Driven and Damped Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation in Arbitrary Dimension

Abstract

We study the spectral stability of soliton solutions of the parametrically driven and damped nonlinear Schrödinger (PDDNLS) equation with power-law nonlinearity $|Ψ|^{2κ}Ψ$ in $N$ dimensions. We identify two families of stationary solutions, $Ψ_\pm$, whose existence is determined by two conditions: one involving the nonlinearity exponent~$κ$ and the spatial dimension~$N$, and another involving the forcing amplitude~$r$ and the damping coefficient~$ρ$. By linearising around these solutions and introducing a convenient parametrisation through~$\varepsilon$, we reduce the stability problem to a dissipationless eigenvalue problem for two Schrödinger-type operators, $L_0$ and $L_1$. We prove that $Ψ_-$ is always unstable, while for $Ψ_+$, we carry out a complete spectral analysis by decomposing the problem into angular momentum sectors $\mathcal{S}_l$. We show that modes with $l \geq 2$ generate no instabilities and that no complex quadruplets arise on~$\mathcal{S}_1$. We also derive an analytical instability criterion on $\mathcal{S}_l$ by combining a Vakhitov--Kolokolov-type argument with a local analysis that determines the direction of the eigenvalue splitting near the origin. In addition, we uncover new phenomena at both small and large values of $κ$ that were not investigated in earlier one-dimensional studies. Numerical stability diagrams for $N = 1, 2, 3$ are presented.