Multivariate analogues of Ruijsenaars' hypergeometric function

Abstract

We construct multivariate analogues of Ruijsenaars' hypergeometric function as nested products of overlap coefficients between eigenfunctions of twisted primitive elements in representations of the modular double of $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$. The construction is a hyperbolic counterpart of the nested multivariate Askey--Wilson polynomials and functions. Using iterated coproducts, we derive four systems of difference equations for which these multivariate functions are joint eigenfunctions. The four systems correspond to the two sets of variables and the two step sizes $iw_1$ and $iw_2$, which are interchanged by modular duality. We also prove that Ruijsenaars' one-variable transform is unitary in the parameter regime required for the construction, for positive as well as complex conjugate $w_1,w_2$. A two-sided normalization of the kernel separates the input and output weights, so that iterating one-variable transforms yields unitary multivariate transforms with explicit inverse and Plancherel formulas.