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arXiv · 2611.01072

Where Beam Search Loses Top-Ranked Items:First-Step Coverage in Generative Recommendation

Heng Yao·Hanwei Zhu
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Abstract

Generative recommendation can reproduce a wider beam's ranked output with roughly half the prefix-capacity budget by reallocating retention capacity across semantic-ID positions. We identify a \emph{first-step coverage bottleneck}: across six full-test settings of the TIGER generative recommender spanning three domains and two identifier constructions, every pruned exact top-10 path is first lost at the initial decoding step. An exact-catalog reference isolates search losses and guides a controlled budget intervention. Moving width to the first step raises Search Recall@10 by 0.96--10.90 percentage points at Beam-50's unchanged budget. Across all 77,373 test users with residual-quantized variational autoencoder (RQ-VAE) tokenization, the reallocated schedule reproduces Beam-100's ordered top-10 at nominal budgets of 151 rather than 301, without retraining or changing identifiers or scores. Matched-output timing saves 6.35--6.39\% of decoder latency; profiling identifies the execution costs that limit the translation from reduced search work to runtime savings. Larger-candidate experiments reveal how output size changes retention requirements. These findings make budget placement an actionable serving decision: locate ranking loss, redirect search capacity, and preserve downstream inputs before increasing uniform beam width.

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Heng Yao, Hanwei Zhu. 2026-10-31. Where Beam Search Loses Top-Ranked Items:First-Step Coverage in Generative Recommendation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01072

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