Derivation of Novel Isotropic Metamaterials at the Hashin Shtrikman Stiffness Limit Enabled by Physics Informed Neural Networks

Abstract

Current methods of deriving ultrastiff isotropic metamaterials require heuristics or topology optimization, which are highly inefficient and limited by human input. To circumvent this, Physics Informed Neural Networks are applied to analytical equations to systematically solve for plate orientations in closed cell lattices. Following a standardized procedure, the plate orientations were modelled and assembled into geometries resembling quasi random foams for validation via finite element simulations. Closed cell 6-plate geometries were also additively manufactured using LAPIS and experimentally characterized. The results indicate that a minimum of 6 plates is required to constitute an ultrastiff isotropic lattice, 7 plates would return the established plate Cubic Octet structure while 8 to 10 plate geometries did not show significant differences in properties. Despite the introduction of some plate bending due to sub-optimal plate placement strategy, relative stiffness of the PINNs lattices adheres closely to the Hashin Shtrikman upper bound, 90 percent of Hashin Shtrikman upper bound at a relative density of 0.4, and the lattices maintain near isotropic behaviour, achieving a Zener ratio of 0.95 at a relative density of 0.1. Benchmarking results show that specific stiffness of PINNs lattices is higher than the majority of isotropic architectures reported in the literature.