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arXiv · 2611.04873

Trusting Imagined Futures: Auditing Imagined Rewards for VLA Post-Training

Zicheng Kong·Zhenbo Xu·Haoyan Zhang·Jinghan Yang·Zhenzhen Li·Yiwei Ru·Liuyu Xiang·WanTing Xu·Min Ren·Zhaofeng He
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Abstract

Video world models enable candidate actions to be evaluated through imagined outcomes, but high predicted rewards can favor trajectories with poor execution quality. We introduce Trusting Imagined Futures (TIF), an offline supervision selection method for vision-language-action (VLA) post-training that audits predicted rewards using execution feedback. A multidimensional reward model predicts a utility score for candidate ranking and five dimensions of execution quality. An auditor uses reward predictions and uncertainty to identify overestimation patterns learned from paired imagined videos and real executions. TIF accepts the candidate with the highest predicted utility when its advantage over the existing trajectory exceeds a margin and its audit risk passes a threshold; otherwise, it retains the existing supervision. The retained real trajectories then supervise behavior cloning. Across four LIBERO suites and three training seeds, TIF achieves a mean success rate of 76.25%, improving over training on the existing trajectories by 3.00 percentage points with the same trajectory count and training budget. Adding audit gating yields 1.47 percentage points with the reward model and advantage margin held fixed. The gains persist against advantage ranking and logistic regression risk selection at matched replacement counts. On recorded videos from three real robot tasks, TIF increases clean completion among selected trajectories from 58.33% to 70.00% across 60 candidate pools.

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Zicheng Kong, Zhenbo Xu, Haoyan Zhang, Jinghan Yang, Zhenzhen Li, Yiwei Ru, Liuyu Xiang, WanTing Xu, Min Ren, Zhaofeng He. 2026-11-03. Trusting Imagined Futures: Auditing Imagined Rewards for VLA Post-Training. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.04873

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