Twist-3 and flavor-singlet contributions to $γγ\toπ^{0}η^{(\prime)}$ and $η^{(\prime)}η^{(\prime)}$ in $k_{T}$ factorization

Abstract

We study two-photon production of the pseudoscalar pairs $π^{0}η$, $π^{0}η^{\prime}$, $ηη$, $ηη^{\prime}$, and $η^{\prime}η^{\prime}$ at center-of-mass energies $2<Q<4\,\mathrm{GeV}$ in $k_{T}$ factorization, including the chirally enhanced twist-3 amplitudes and the two-gluon component of the $η^{(\prime)}$. The twist-3 amplitudes raise the hard cross sections by about an order of magnitude in all five channels. They bring $ηη$ close to the Belle data, while $π^{0}η$ stays 3 to 5 times below and falls too slowly with energy. Varying the two-gluon distribution amplitude within its uncertainty changes the cross sections by about 2% in $π^{0}η$ and $ηη$ but by up to 24% in the $η^{\prime}$ channels, making them its probe. The hard and handbag mechanisms each give nearly constant ratios $σ(π^{0}η)/σ(π^{0}π^{0})$ and $σ(ηη)/σ(π^{0}π^{0})$, whereas below $3.2\,\mathrm{GeV}$ the measured $π^{0}η$ ratio lies above both predictions and the $ηη$ ratio below them. Adding the handbag amplitude coherently, with its modulus fixed by the pion and kaon channels and its phase fitted, reproduces the $π^{0}η$ ratio up to $4\,\mathrm{GeV}$ and the $ηη$ ratio below $2.8\,\mathrm{GeV}$, and steepens $σ(π^{0}η)$ to a $Q^{-n}$ dependence with $n=9.7\pm1.6$, against the measured $10.5\pm1.2\pm0.5$. The energy dependence of the cross section ratios can thus be understood as the interference of two mechanisms of comparable size.