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arXiv · 2611.08925

Tidal Braking Does Not Dominate Open-Cluster Slow Rotators

Zixun Zhan·Chenyu He·Weijia Sun·Chengyuan Li
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Abstract

Extended main-sequence turn-offs (eMSTOs) observed in open clusters younger than $2~\mathrm{Gyr}$ are commonly attributed to a spread in stellar rotation rates. Tidal synchronization in close binary systems has been proposed as a possible mechanism for producing slowly rotating stars. To test this hypothesis, we measured the radial-velocity (RV) dispersions of slow-rotator samples associated with the eMSTOs of eight open clusters using ESO VLT/GIRAFFE and SALT/RSS spectroscopy. We extended the analysis to 40 open clusters using Gaia DR3 RV measurements. The observed cluster RV dispersions are generally substantially smaller than those predicted for binary populations dominated by close systems with orbital periods for which tidal synchronization is expected to be effective. In particular, all 40 clusters in the Gaia sample have RV dispersions below the prediction of the $P=10$ d binary-population model. These results suggest that close, tidally synchronized binaries are unlikely to be the dominant origin of slow-rotator populations in young and intermediate-age open clusters, although a contribution from undetected or wider binary systems cannot be excluded.

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Zixun Zhan, Chenyu He, Weijia Sun, Chengyuan Li. 2026-11-06. Tidal Braking Does Not Dominate Open-Cluster Slow Rotators. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.08925

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