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arXiv · 2611.09323

DiffusionRef-IMU: Guide-Anchored Residual Diffusion for Cross-Location Inertial Measurement Unit Translation

M. M. Golam Hafiz·Safia Akter Simi·Md. Rakibul Islam·M. F. Mridha
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Abstract

Cross-location variation in wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals complicates learning when measurements from a desired target body location are unavailable. This study proposes DiffusionRef-IMU, a two-stage cross-location translation framework in which a deterministic Direct network first estimates the target signal and a guide-anchored residual diffusion model refines only the remaining target discrepancy. The evaluation comprises five subject-disjoint activity-location composition-held-out folds, capacity-matched deterministic and flow-based residual baselines, source-only activity conditioning, computational ablation, and true zero-shot evaluation on two independent datasets. DiffusionRef-IMU with 16-step deterministic DDIM achieved a mean nRMSE of 0.087538 +/- 0.004922, compared with 0.090262 for Direct, 0.088847 for deterministic residual refinement, and 0.088417 for eight-step CompFlow, and outperformed each baseline in all five folds. Four-step DDIM retained a mean nRMSE of 0.087820 at 47.62 ms per window, providing a favourable quality-computation trade-off. Replacing ground-truth activity conditioning with a source-only activity predictor (macro-F1 0.8473) increased 16-step DiffusionRef nRMSE only to 0.088190. True zero-shot evaluation produced mixed results: DiffusionRef was marginally favourable on Grouvel2025 but remained worse than Direct on Saldaña2025. Overall, guide-anchored residual diffusion improves controlled cross-location reconstruction while revealing clear limits in zero-shot external transfer.

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M. M. Golam Hafiz, Safia Akter Simi, Md. Rakibul Islam, M. F. Mridha. 2026-11-06. DiffusionRef-IMU: Guide-Anchored Residual Diffusion for Cross-Location Inertial Measurement Unit Translation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.09323

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