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arXiv · 2611.09407

ROAM: Retrieval-Augmented Optimization for Feasible Multi-Day Itinerary Planning

Ye Zihao·Lin Xiaoheng
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Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) can draft plausible travel itineraries, but the plans they produce are frequently infeasible: attractions are grouped into days without regard for geography, opening hours are ignored, and a single generation pass cannot reliably organize a multi-day trip. We present ROAM, a retrieval-augmented agentic framework for spontaneous multi-day itinerary planning that couples semantic preference retrieval with explicit spatiotemporal optimization. ROAM embeds the natural-language request, retrieves a compact candidate set from a curated point-of-interest (POI) database, partitions candidates into day groups through maximal-clique analysis and K-means, orders each day with a quality-biased simulated-annealing TSP solver, and repairs hard opening-hour violations with greedy exchange. A spatiotemporal retrieval layer injects weather forecasts, real road distances and POI operating hours into the prompt, after which the LLM renders a structured, map-ready itinerary; an interactive ReAct-style replanning agent then supports natural-language edits while re-checking feasibility. Across four Chinese cities and 510 POIs, ROAM produces 27.5 POIs per three-day plan versus 19.3 for a bare LLM and 17.0 for a retrieval-only baseline (+42% and +62%), while reducing route dispersion from 2,101 to 677 (3.1x). Ablations show that spatial optimization is the dominant driver of route efficiency and that hard time-window repair prevents roughly 30% of attractions from violating operating hours.

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Ye Zihao, Lin Xiaoheng. 2026-11-06. ROAM: Retrieval-Augmented Optimization for Feasible Multi-Day Itinerary Planning. https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.09407

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