Optimal performance of driven-dissipative many-body quantum batteries beyond complete nonreciprocity

Abstract

Proposals for nonreciprocal quantum batteries identify the point of complete nonreciprocity, where coherent and reservoir-mediated couplings balance, as the operating point for enhanced charging. We show that, for batteries built from interacting qubits, this point is, in general, suboptimal. The optimal design is set by a more intricate interplay between the coherent coupling and the local and collective dissipation rates, of which complete nonreciprocity is only a special case. We consider a many-body battery charged by a driven many-body charger, with each qubit coupled to a local bath and the complete setup immersed in a shared engineered reservoir. For a weakly driven two-qubit setup, we prove the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction to be the optimal coupling, and show that the battery capacity is maximized at a coupling strength fixed by the local and collective dissipation rates, which coincides with complete nonreciprocity only for a specific balance between them. The shared reservoir enhances the capacity for couplings weaker or stronger than both local dissipation rates, and can increase the extractable work even where it reduces the capacity. At strong drive, with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction between the charger and the battery, the capacity is bounded by $1/2$. For qubits arranged in a star network with a single central battery qubit, these results remain qualitatively unchanged, while the maximum capacity of a battery charged by $N_A$ weakly driven charger qubits saturates with $N_A$ in the presence of the shared reservoir, approaching its limit as $N_A^{-1}$. In contrast, the maximum capacity of $N_B$ qubit batteries charged by a single-qubit charger decays as $N_B^{-2}$.