Correlated intense X-ray and TeV activity of Mrk~501 in 1998 June

Abstract

We present exactly simultaneous X-ray and TeV monitoring with {\it RXTE} and HEGRA of the TeV blazar Mrk 501 during 15 days in 1998 June. After an initial period of very low flux at both wavelengths, the source underwent a remarkable flare in the TeV and X-ray energy bands, lasting for about six days and with a larger amplitude at TeV energies than in the X-ray band. At the peak of the TeV flare, rapid TeV flux variability on sub-hour timescales is found. Large spectral variations are observed at X-rays, with the 3--20 keV photon index of a pure power law continuum flattening from $Γ=2.3$ to $Γ=1.8$ on a timescale of 2--3 days. This implies that during the maximum of the TeV activity, the synchrotron peak shifted to energies $\gtrsim 50$ keV, a behavior similar to that observed during the longer-lasting, more intense flare in 1997 April. The TeV spectrum during the flare is described by a power law with photon index $Γ=1.9$ and an exponential cutoff at $\sim$ 4 TeV; an indication for spectral softening during the flare decay is observed in the TeV hardness ratios. Our results generally support a scenario where the TeV photons are emitted via inverse Compton scattering of ambient seed photons by the same electron population responsible for the synchrotron X-rays. The simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SEDs) can be fit with a one-zone synchrotron-self Compton model assuming a substantial increase of the magnetic field and the electron energy by a factor of 3 and 10, respectively.