Stellar Evolution with Rotation V: Changes in all the Outputs of Massive Star Models

Abstract

Grids of models for rotating stars are constructed in the range of 9 to 120 M$_{\odot}$ at solar metallicity. The following effects of rotation are included: shellular rotation, new structure equations for non-conservative case, surface distorsions, increase of mass loss with rotation, meridional circulation and interaction with horizontal turbulence, shear instability and coupling with thermal effects, advection and diffusion of angular momentum treated in the non-stationary regime, transport and diffusion of the chemical elements. Globally we find that for massive stars the effects of rotation have an importance comparable to those of mass loss. For an average rotation, the tracks in the HR diagram are modified like a moderate overshoot would do. In general, an average rotation may increase the MS lifetime up to about 30 %; for the helium-burning phase the effects are smaller and amount to at most 10 %. Rotation also brings significant surface He- and N-enhancements, they are higher for higher masses and rotation.