Faint Scattering Around Pulsars: Probing the Interstellar Medium on Solar System Size Scales

Abstract

We have made high-resolution, high-sensitivity dynamic spectra of a sample of strong pulsars at 430 MHz with the Arecibo radiotelescope. For 4 pulsars we find faint but sharply delineated features in the secondary spectra. These are examples of the previously observed ``crisscross'' or ``multiple drift slope'' phenomenon presumed to be due to multiple imaging of the pulsar by the interstellar medium. The unprecedented resolution and dynamic range of our observations allow a deeper level of analysis. Distances to the dominant scattering screen along the line of sight are determined and are shown to agree well with those inferred from other scintillation phenomena. Multiple imaging of the pulsar by the ISM is required. A compact central image surrounded by a faint scattering halo, roughly circularly symmetric, is consistent with the data. Scattering from filaments may also be consistent. The angular extent of the scattering material parallel to the direction of the pulsar velocity is roughly 5 mas, corresponding to a linear extent of about 2 AU. Further observations of these features should allow better discrimination between models and an identification of the scattering structures.