Evolutionary Constraints from Infra-Red Source Counts

Abstract

The backward evolution approach to modelling galaxy source counts is re-visited in the wake of the numerous results and revelations from the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) and the detections and measurements of the cosmic extragalactic background light. Using the framework of the Pearson and Rowan-Robinson (1996) galaxy evolution model, the observed source counts and background measurements are used to constrain the evolution in the galaxy population. It is found that a strong evolution in both density and luminosity of the high luminosity tail of the IR luminosity function, interpreted as the ultraluminous galaxies discovered first by IRAS and later elevated in status by SCUBA and ISO, can account for the source counts from 15um (where it matches the undulation in the integral counts and hump in the differential counts extremely well), to the sub-mm region, as well as explain the peak in the cosmic infrared background at 140um. The sub-mm counts are interpreted as the superposition of 2 separate populations comprising of ULIGs at the brighter sub-mm fluxes and starburst galaxies at fluxes fainter than 2mJy. In this scenario the high redshift ULIGs are tenuously interpreted as the progenitors of today's giant elliptical galaxies.