Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · astro-ph/0106126

Maser and thermal methanol emission in the millimeter wave range: new masers at 1.3 mm and 2.8 mm

S. V. Kalenskii·V. I. Slysh·I. E. Val'tts
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Results of a survey of Galactic star-forming regions in the lines of methanol 8_{-1}-7_0E at 229.8 GHz, 3_{-2}-4_{-1}E at 230.0 GHz, 0_0-1_{-1}E at 108.9 GHz, and a series of methanol lines J_1-J_0E near 165 GHz are presented. Two masers, DR 21(OH) and DR 21West, and two maser candidates, L 379IRS3 and NGC 6334I(N), as well as 16 thermal sources are found at 229.8 GHz. This is the first detection of methanol masers at a wavelength as short as 1 mm. At 108.9 GHz, masers were found towards G345.01+1.79 and probably, towards M 8E. Thermal emission is found towards 28 objects. Only thermal emission was found at 165 and 230.0 GHz (20 and 7 sources, respectively). The masers at 229.8 GHz belong to class I, whereas those at 108.9 GHz belong to class II, according to the classification by Menten (1991). The masers in DR 21(OH) and DR 21West can be roughly fitted by models with the gas kinetic temperature of the order of 50K. The detection of the 108.9 GHz masers towards G345.01+1.79 and M 8E may indicate on a specific geometry of these objects. The combination of the existence of the class II J_0-J_{-1}E masers towards W 3(OH), G345.01+1.79, W 48, and Cep A and our non-detection of the 3_{-2}-4_{-1}E and J_1-J_0E lines is an evidence that the class II masers in these objects are pumped by the radiation of hot dust rather than by that of UC HII-regions.

Explore related subjects

astro-ph

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

S. V. Kalenskii, V. I. Slysh, I. E. Val'tts. 2001-06-07. Maser and thermal methanol emission in the millimeter wave range: new masers at 1.3 mm and 2.8 mm. https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0106126

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2023

Dark Energy is the Cosmological Quantum Vacuum Energy of Light Particles-The Axion and the Lightest Neutrino

We uncover the general mechanism producing the dark energy(DE). This is only based on well known quantum physics and cosmology. We show that the observed DE originates from the cosmological quantum vacuum of light particles which provides a continuous energy distribution able to reproduce the data. Bosons give positive contributions to the DE while fermions yield negative contributions. As usual in field theory, ultraviolet divergences are subtracted from the physical quantities. The subtractions respect the symmetries of the theory and we normalize the physical quantities to be zero for the Minkowski vacuum. The resulting finite contributions to the energy density and the pressure from the quantum vacuum grow as log a(t) where a(t) is the scale factor, while the particle contributions dilute as 1/a^3(t), as it must be for massive particles. The DE equation of state P = w(z)H turns to be w(z)<-1 with w(z) asymptotically reaching the value -1 from below.A scalar particle can produce the observed DE through its quantum cosmological vacuum provided:(i)its mass is of the order of 10^{-3} eV = 1 meV,(ii) it is very weakly coupled and (iii) it is stable on the time scale of the age of the universe. The axion vacuum thus appears as a natural candidate. The neutrino vacuum (especially the lightest mass eigenstate) can give negative contributions to the DE. We find that w(z=0) is slightly below -1 by an amount ranging from [-1.5 10^{-3}] to [-8 10^{-3}] and we predict the axion mass to be in the range between 4 and 5 meV. We find that the universe will expand in the future faster than the de Sitter universe, as an exponential in the square of the cosmic time. DE arises from the quantum vacua of light particles in FRW cosmological space time in an analogous way to the Casimir effect in Minkowski spacetime with non trivial boundaries.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2023

Scaling of Black Hole Accretion Discs from Gamma-Ray Bursts and Black Hole X-Ray Binaries to Active Galactic Nuclei

I consider how physical processes scale over eight orders of magnitude in black hole mass, from stellar masses in gamma-ray bursts (GRB) and black-hole X-ray binaries (BHXRB) to supermassive active galactic nuclei (AGN). Accretion rates onto stellar mass black holes range over more than sixteen orders of magnitude, from the lower luminosity BHXRB to GRB. These enormous parameter ranges correspond to qualitative as well as quantitative differences in behavior. The fundamental questions involve the balance between nonequilibrium and thermalized plasmas. When energy fluxes exceed a critical value $\sim 10^{29}$ erg/cm$^2$s, as in GRB, a black-body equilibrium pair plasma forms. At the lower fluxes found in AGN, BHXRB and microquasars, accretion power electrodynamically accelerates a small number of very energetic particles, explaining their non-thermal spectra and the high energy gamma-ray emission of blazars. Ultra-high energy cosmic rays may be accelerated by massive black holes, otherwise undetectable, with very low thermal luminosities. New-born fast high-field pulsars may be in the black-body equilibrium regime, resembling SGR in permanent outburst. I also consider the question, significant for the acceleration of nonthermal particles in GRB outflows, of whether collisionless plasmas interpenetrate rather than forming hydrodynamic shocks, and propose this as an alternative to internal shock models of GRB. A new appendix attempts to explain why AGN are, proportionally, more efficient accelerators of energetic particles than stellar mass black holes.

astro-ph↗