Physical vacuum and cosmic coincidence problem

Abstract

A framework is suggested in which the energy integrals of the Friedmann cosmology are identified as genuine time-independent physical characteristics for both vacuum and non-vacuum forms of cosmic energy. The integrals are found to be numerically coincident within two orders of magnitude. It is assumed that this coincidence reveals a symmetry that relates vacuum to non-vacuum forms of cosmic energy at fundamental level. The symmetry shows the well-known cosmic coincidence problem and the naturalness problem as two inter-related aspects of a more general problem: Why are the energy integrals numerically coincident and equal to $ \sim 10^{60} M_{Pl}^{-1}$? A simple kinetics model of cosmological freeze out is used to examine how -- at least, in principle -- the electroweak scale physics might explain the nature of the symmetry between vacuum and non-vacuum cosmic energies and determine the value of the energy integrals in terms of the fundamental energy scales.