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On the GRB progenitors: possible consequences for supernovae connection with gamma-ray bursts

V. V. Sokolov
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Abstract

Unique data on $BVRI$ light curves of the optical transient (OT) of GRB 970508 obtained with the 6-m telescope have been interpreted in the framework of the idea of a straightforward link between supernovae (SNe) and long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The effect must be maximum in the $I_{c}$ band as for OT GRB 970228. The peak absolute ($M_{B}$) magnitude of the suggested SN must be around -19.5 for the OT of GRB 970508. So, in addition to the characteristic "shoulders" on the light curves of the OTs of GRB 970228, GRB 980326, 990712, 991208, more evidence of the link between GRBs and Type Ib/c SNe (or core-collapse SNe) was found, which could be an argument in favor of the idea of massive stars as progenitors of long duration GRBs. If all or the main part of long duration GRBs are associated with the SNe, GRB host galaxies (for ground-based observations, at least) must be dimmer than the peak magnitude of a SN. If some GRB/SN relation really exists, and if all or at least the main part of long duration GRBs are associated with SNe, then as a consequence we have a very strong $γ$-ray beaming with a solid angle of up to $Ω_{beam} \sim (10^{-5} - 10^{-6})\cdot 4π$. Besides, the observations of K$_α$ lines of iron in the X-ray afterglow spectra of GRBs (970508, 970828, 991216, 000214) and the observation of redshifted absorption feature of neutral iron (7.1 keV) simultaneously with GRB 990705 are also evidence in favor of massive stars -- progenitors of GRBs.

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V. V. Sokolov. 2001-07-20. On the GRB progenitors: possible consequences for supernovae connection with gamma-ray bursts. https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0107399

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