Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · astro-ph/0107554

Why Every Bipolar Planetary Nebula is `Unique'

Noam Soker
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

We present the many evolutionary routes that progenitors of bipolar planetary nebulae (BPNe) can take. Overall, there are about a hundred qualitatively different evolutionary routes, hence about a hundred qualitatively different types of BPNe. Within each type there are quantitative differences as well. Adding the dependence of the appearance on inclination, we find that the number of different apparent structures of BPN is about equal to, or even larger than the number of known BPNe and proto-BPNe. Accordingly we argue that every BPN is a `unique' object in its appearance, but all can be explained within the binary model paradigm. Therefore, we request a stop to the attaching of adjectives such as `unique', `peculiar', and `unusual' to BPNe and proto-BPNe, thereby removing the need to invoke a new model for almost every `unusual' BPN. As a case study we try to build a binary model for the proto-BPN OH231.8+4.2. In our preferred model the AGB Mira-type star has a main sequence companion of mass 1 Mo, orbital period of five years, and eccentricity of 0.1.

Explore related subjects

astro-ph

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Noam Soker. 2001-07-28. Why Every Bipolar Planetary Nebula is `Unique'. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05105.x

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2024

Deformation procedure for scalar fields in cosmology

This work offers an extension of the deformation procedure introduced in field theory to the case of standard cosmology in the presence of real scalar field in flat space-time. The procedure is shown to work for many models, which give rise to several different cosmic scenarios, evolving under the presence of first-order differential equations which solve the corresponding equations of motion very appropriately.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2023

Dark Energy is the Cosmological Quantum Vacuum Energy of Light Particles-The Axion and the Lightest Neutrino

We uncover the general mechanism producing the dark energy(DE). This is only based on well known quantum physics and cosmology. We show that the observed DE originates from the cosmological quantum vacuum of light particles which provides a continuous energy distribution able to reproduce the data. Bosons give positive contributions to the DE while fermions yield negative contributions. As usual in field theory, ultraviolet divergences are subtracted from the physical quantities. The subtractions respect the symmetries of the theory and we normalize the physical quantities to be zero for the Minkowski vacuum. The resulting finite contributions to the energy density and the pressure from the quantum vacuum grow as log a(t) where a(t) is the scale factor, while the particle contributions dilute as 1/a^3(t), as it must be for massive particles. The DE equation of state P = w(z)H turns to be w(z)<-1 with w(z) asymptotically reaching the value -1 from below.A scalar particle can produce the observed DE through its quantum cosmological vacuum provided:(i)its mass is of the order of 10^{-3} eV = 1 meV,(ii) it is very weakly coupled and (iii) it is stable on the time scale of the age of the universe. The axion vacuum thus appears as a natural candidate. The neutrino vacuum (especially the lightest mass eigenstate) can give negative contributions to the DE. We find that w(z=0) is slightly below -1 by an amount ranging from [-1.5 10^{-3}] to [-8 10^{-3}] and we predict the axion mass to be in the range between 4 and 5 meV. We find that the universe will expand in the future faster than the de Sitter universe, as an exponential in the square of the cosmic time. DE arises from the quantum vacua of light particles in FRW cosmological space time in an analogous way to the Casimir effect in Minkowski spacetime with non trivial boundaries.

astro-ph↗