The Abundances of Nitrogen and Oxygen in Damped Lyman Alpha Systems

Abstract

We take a fresh look at the abundance of nitrogen in DLAs with oxygen abundances between 1/10 and 1/100 of solar. This is a metallicity regime poorly sampled in the local universe and where QSO absorbers may hold clues to both the nucleosynthetic origin of N and the chemical evolution of high redshift galaxies. We combine new VLT UVES observations with others from the literature to form a sample of 10 DLAs in which the abundances of N and of one of the two alpha-capture elements O or S have been measured. We confirm earlier reports that the (N/O) ratio exhibits a larger range of values than other ratios of heavy elements in DLAs; however, all 10 DLAs fall in the region of the (N/O) vs. (O/H) plot delimited by the primary and secondary levels of nitrogen production. Our results provide empirical evidence in support of the proposal that intermediate mass stars (with masses less than 7 solar masses) are the main source of primary nitrogen, so that its release into the ISM lags behind that of oxygen, which is produced by Type II SNae. A high proportion (40%) of the DLAs in our sample have apparently not yet attained the full primary level of N enrichment; this finding may be an indication that the metallicity regime we are studying preferentially picks out galaxies which have only recently condensed out of the IGM and begun forming stars. Alternatively, the delay in the release of N following an episode of star formation may increase with decreasing metallicity, if stars of progressively lower masses than 4 solar masses can synthesize N in their hotter interiors.