A Study of the Type II-Plateau Supernova 1999gi, and the Distance to its Host Galaxy, NGC 3184

Abstract

We present optical spectra and photometry sampling the first six months after discovery of supernova (SN) 1999gi in NGC 3184. SN 1999gi is shown to be a Type II-plateau event with a photometric plateau lasting until about 100 days after discovery. The reddening values resulting from five independent techniques are all consistent with an upper bound of E(B-V) < 0.45 mag established by comparing the early-time color of SN 1999gi with that of an infinitely hot blackbody, and yield a probable reddening of E(B-V) = 0.21 +/- 0.09 mag. Using the expanding photosphere method (EPM), we derive a distance to SN 1999gi of 11.1^{+2.0}_{-1.8} Mpc and an explosion date of 1999 December 5.8^{+3.0}_{-3.1}, or 4.1^{+3.0}_{-3.1} days prior to discovery. This distance is consistent with a recent Tully-Fisher distance derived to NGC 3184 (D ~ 11.59 Mpc), but is somewhat closer than the Cepheid distances derived to two galaxies that have generally been assumed to be members of a small group containing NGC 3184 (NGC 3319, D = 13.30 +/- 0.55 Mpc, and NGC 3198, D = 13.80 +/- 0.51 Mpc). We reconsider the upper mass limit (9^{+3}_{-2} M_{sun}) recently placed on the progenitor star of SN 1999gi by Smartt et al. (2001, 2002) in light of these results. Following the same procedures, but using the new data presented here, we arrive at a less restrictive upper mass limit of 15^{+5}_{-3} M_{sun} for the progenitor. The increased upper limit results mainly from the larger distance derived through the EPM than was assumed by the Smartt et al. analyses, which relied on less precise (and less recent) distance measurements to NGC 3184.