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Big Bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background constraints on the time variation of the Higgs vacuum expectation value

Jerry Jaiyul Yoo·Robert J. Scherrer
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Abstract

We derive constraints on the time variation of the Higgs vacuum expectation value $<ϕ>$ through the effects on Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In the former case, we include the (previously-neglected) effect of the change in the deuteron binding energy, which alters both the $^4$He and deuterium abundances significantly. We find that the current BBN limits on the relative change in \higgs are $-(0.6 - 0.7) \times 10^{-2} < Delta<ϕ>/<ϕ> < (1.5 - 2.0) \times 10^{-2}$, where the exact limits depend on the model we choose for the dependence of the deuteron binding energy on \higgs.The limits from the current CMB data are much weaker.

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Jerry Jaiyul Yoo, Robert J. Scherrer. 2003-01-08. Big Bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background constraints on the time variation of the Higgs vacuum expectation value. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.67.043517

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