Period Changes in Galactic Classical Cepheids. Slow Evolution of Long-period Cepheids

Abstract

We compared period changes derived from O-C diagrams for 63 classical Cepheids from our Galaxy with model calculations. We found that for Cepheids with log P > 1.0 the observed changes are smaller than predicted values, except variable SZ Cas. However some of the first overtone Cepheids, particularly EU Tau and Polaris, change its period much faster than it follows from theory. Summary of the known data on the period changes in Cepheids from the Galaxy and from the Magellanic Clouds (previous papers) leads to conclusion that none of the 999 Cepheid is undergoing the first crossing of the instability strip. Also the observed period changes for long-period Cepheids are a few times slower than predicted by the models. These results imply that much larger fraction of helium is burnt in the Cepheid stage than it is predicted by models.