The First Detection of Spatially Resolved Mid-Infrared Scattered Light from a Protoplanetary Disk

Abstract

We report spatially resolved 11.8 micron images, obtained at the W. M. Keck 10 m telescope, of the protoplanetary disk around the pre--main-sequence star HK Tau B. The mid-infrared morphology and astrometry of HK Tau B with respect to HK Tau A indicate that the flux observed in the mid-infrared from HK Tau B has been scattered off the upper surface of its nearly edge-on disk. This is the first example of a protoplanetary disk observed in scattered light at mid-infrared wavelengths. Monte Carlo simulations of this disk show that the extent (FWHM =0."5, or 70 AU) of the scattered light nebula in the mid-infrared is very sensitive to the dust size distribution. The 11.8 micron measurement can be best modelled by a dust grain population that contains grains on the order of 1.5-3 micron in size; grain populations with exclusively sub-micron grain sizes or power law size distributions that extend beyond 5 micron cannot reproduce the observed morphology. These grains are significantly larger than those expected in the ISM implying that grain growth has occurred; whether this growth is a result of dust evolution within the disk itself or had originally occurred within the dark cloud remains an open question.