Theoretical Limb Darkening for Classical Cepheids: II. Corrections for the Geometric Baade-Wesselink Method

Abstract

The geometric Baade-Wesselink method is one of the most promising techniques for obtaining a better calibration of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation by means of interferometric measurements of accurate diameters. In this paper we present new wavelength- and phase-dependent limb darkening corrections based on our time-dependent hydrodynamic models of the classical Cepheid zeta Gem. We show that a model simulation of a Cepheid atmosphere, taking into account the hydrodynamic effects associated with the pulsation, shows strong departures from the limb darkening otherwise predicted by a static model. For most of its pulsational cycle the hydrodynamic model predicts a larger limb darkening then the equivalent static model. The hydrodynamics affects the limb darkening mainly at UV and optical wavelengths. Most of these effects evolve slowly as the star pulsates, but there are phases, associated with shocks propagating into the photosphere, in which significant changes in the limb darkening take place on time-scales of the order of less than a day. We assess the implication of our model LD corrections fitting the geometric Baade-Wesselink distance of zeta Gem for the available near-IR PTI data. We discuss the effects of our model limb darkening on the best fit result, and analyze the requirements needed to test the time-dependence of the limb darkening with future interferometric measurements.