The Chemical Evolution of Mg Isotopes vs. the Time Variation of the Fine Structure Constant

Abstract

The many-multiplet method applied to high redshift quasar absorption spectra has indicated a possible time variation of the fine structure constant. Alternatively, a constant value of alpha is consistent with the observational analysis if a non-solar isotopic ratio of Mg24,25,26 occurs at high redshift. In particular, a higher abundance of the heavier isotopes Mg25,26 are required to explain the observed multiplet splitting. We show that the synthesis of Mg25,26 at the base of the convective envelope in low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch stars, combined with a simple model of galactic chemical evolution, can produce the required isotopic ratios and is supported by recent observations of high abundances of the neutron-rich Mg isotopes in metal-poor globular-cluster stars. We conclude that the present data based on high redshift quasar absorption spectra may be providing interesting information on the nucleosynthetic history of such systems, rather than a time variation of fundamental constants.