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XMM-Newton Spectroscopy of the Starburst Dominated Ultra Luminous Infrared Galaxy NGC 6240

Hagai Netzer·Doron Lemze·Shai Kaspi·I. M. George·T. J. Turner·D. Lutz·T. Boller·Doron Chelouche
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Abstract

We present new XMM-Newton observation of the Ultra Luminous Infrared Galaxy (ULIRG) NGC 6240. We analyze the reflecting grating spectrometer (RGS) data, and data from the other instruments, and find a starburst dominated 0.5-3 keV spectrum with global properties resembling those observed in M82 but with a much higher luminosity. We show that the starburst region can be divided into an outer zone, beyond a radius of about 2.1 kpc, with a gas temperature of about 10^7 K and a central region with temperatures in the range (2-6) x 10^7 K. The gas in the outer region emits most of the observed Oviii Lyman-alpha line and the gas in the inner region the emission lines of higher ionization ions, including a strong Fexxv line. We also identify a small inner part, very close to the active nuclei, with typical Seyfert 2 properties including a large amount of photoionized gas producing a strong Fe K-alpha 6.4 keV line. The combined abundance, temperature and emission measure analysis indicates super solar Ne/O, Mg/O, Si/O, S/O and possibly also Fe/O. The analysis suggests densities in the range of (0.07-0.28) x epsilon^(-1/2) cm^(-3) and a total thermal gas mass of about 4 x 10^8 x epsilon^(1/2) solar masses, where epsilon is the volume filling factor. We used a simple model to argue that a massive starburst with an age of about 2 x 10^7 years can explain most of the observed properties of the source. NGC 6240 is perhaps the clearest case of an X-ray bright luminous AGN, in a merger, whose soft X-ray spectrum is dominated by a powerful starburst.

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Hagai Netzer, Doron Lemze, Shai Kaspi, I. M. George, T. J. Turner, D. Lutz, T. Boller, Doron Chelouche. 2005-07-18. XMM-Newton Spectroscopy of the Starburst Dominated Ultra Luminous Infrared Galaxy NGC 6240. https://doi.org/10.1086/431474

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