The Youngest Stellar clusters Clusters associated with massive protostellar candidates

Abstract

We report on the identification of 54 embedded clusters around 217 massive protostellar candidates of which 34 clusters are new detections. The embedded clusters are identified as stellar surface density enhancements in the 2 $μ$m All Sky Survey (2MASS) data. Because the clusters are all associated with massive stars in their earliest evolutionary stage, the clusters should also be in an early stage of evolution. Thus the properties of these clusters should reflect properties associated with their formation rather than their evolution. For each cluster, we estimate the mass, the morphological type, the photometry and extinction. The clusters in our study, by their association with massive protostars and massive outflows, reinstate the notion that massive stars begin to form after the first generation of low mass stars have completed their accretion phase. Further, the observed high gas densities and accretion rates at the centers of these clusters is consistent with the hypothesis that high mass stars form by continuing accretion onto low mass stars.