The sweeping rate in diffusion-mediated reactions on dust grain surfaces

Abstract

A prominent chemical reaction in interstellar clouds is the formation of molecular hydrogen by recombination, which essentially takes place on dust grain surfaces. Analytical approaches to model such a system have hitherto neglected the spatial aspects of the problem by employing a simplistic version of the sweeping rate of reactants. We show how these aspects can be accounted for by a consistent definition of the sweeping rate, and calculate it exactly for a spherical grain. Two regimes can be identified: Small grains, on which two reactants almost surely meet, and large grains, where this is very unlikely. We compare the true sweeping rate to the conventional approximation and find a characteristic reduction in both regimes, most pronounced for large grains. These effects can be understood heuristically using known results from the analysis of two-dimensional random walks. We finally examine the influence of using the true sweeping rate in the calculation of the efficiency of hydrogen recombination: For fixed temperature, the efficiency can be reduced considerably, and relative to that, small grains gain in importance, but the temperature window in which recombination is efficient is not changed substantially.