The giant arc statistics in the three year WMAP cosmological model

Abstract

We use high-resolution $N$-body simulations to investigate the optical depth of giant arcs with length-to-width ratio larger than 7.5 and 10 in the `standard' $\LCDM$ model with $σ_8=0.9$ and $Ω_{\rm m,0}=0.3$ and a model based on three-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data. We find that, in dark-matter only simulations, the lensing probability in the three-year WMAP model (with $σ_8=0.74$ and $Ω_{\rm m,0}=0.238)$ decreases by a factor of $\sim 6$ compared with that in the `standard' $\LCDM$ model. The effects of baryonic cooling, star formation and feedbacks are uncertain, but we argue that baryons will only increase the the lensing cross-section by a moderate factor, $\sim 2$. We conclude that the low central value of $σ_8$ and $Ω_{\rm m,0}$ preferred by the WMAP three-year data may be too low to be compatible with observations if conventional assumptions of the background source population are correct.