A Scaling Index Analysis of the WMAP three year data: Signatures of non-Gaussianities and Asymmetries in the CMB

Abstract

Local scaling properties of the co-added foreground-cleaned three-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data are estimated using weighted scaling indices. The scaling index method (SIM) is - for the first time - adapted and applied to the case of spherical symmetric spatial data. The results are compared with 1000 Monte Carlo simulations based on Gaussian fluctuations with a best fit $Λ$CDM power spectrum and WMAP-like beam and noise properties. Statistical quantities based on the scaling indices, namely the moments of the distribution and probability-based measures are determined. We find for most of the test statistics significant deviations from the Gaussian hypothesis. We find pronounced asymmetries, which can be interpreted as a global lack of structure in the northern hemisphere, which is consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, we detect a localized anomaly in the southern hemisphere, which gives rise to highly significant signature for non-Gaussianity in the spectrum of scaling indices. We identify this signature as the cold spot, which was also already detected in the first year WMAP data. Our results provide further evidence for both the presence of non-Gaussianities and asymmetries in the WMAP three-year data. More detailed bandand year-wise analyses are needed to elucidate the origin of the detected anomalies. In either case the scaling indices provide powerful nonlinear statistics to analyse CMB maps.