Hydrodynamic Instability and Coalescence of Binary Neutron Stars

Abstract

We study the importance of hydrodynamic effects on the evolution of coalescing binary neutron stars. Using an approximate energy functional constructed from equilibrium solutions for polytropic binary configurations, we incorporate hydrodynamic effects into the calculation of the orbital decay driven by gravitational wave emission. In particular, we follow the transition between the quasi-static, secular decay of the orbit at large separation and the rapid dynamical evolution of configurations approaching contact. We show that a purely Newtonian hydrodynamic instability can significantly accelerate the coalescence at small separation. Such an instability occurs in all close binary configurations containing sufficiently incompressible stars. Calculations are performed for various neutron star masses, radii, spins, and effective polytropic indices. Typically, we find that the radial infall velocity just prior to contact is about 10\% of the tangential orbital velocity. Post-Newtonian effects can move the stability limit to a larger binary separation, and may induce an even larger radial velocity. We also consider the possibility of mass transfer from one neutron star to the other. We show that stable mass transfer is impossible except when the mass of one of the components is very small (less than about 0.4 solar mass) and the viscosity is high enough to maintain corotation.