Is Deuterium in High Redshift Lyman Limit Systems Primordial?

Abstract

Detections of deuterium in high redshift Lyman limit absorption systems along the line of sight to QSOs promise to reveal the primordial deuterium abundance. At present, the deuterium abundances (D/H) derived from the very few systems observed are significantly discordant. Assuming the validity of all the data, if this discordance does not reflect intrinsic primordial inhomogeneity, then it must arise from processes operating after the primordial nucleosynthesis epoch. We consider processes which might lead to significant deuterium production/destruction, yet allow the cloud to mimick a chemically unevolved system. These processes include, for example, anomalous/stochastic chemical evolution and D/{$^4$He} photo-destruction. In general, we find it unlikely that these processes could have altered significantly (D/H) in Lyman limit clouds. We argue that chemical evolution scenarios, unless very finely tuned, cannot account for significant local deuterium depletion since they tend to overproduce $^{12}$C, even when allowance is made for possible outflow. Similarly, D/{$^4$He} photo-destruction schemes engineered to locally produce or destroy deuterium founder on the necessity of requiring an improbably large $γ$-ray source density. Future observations of (D/H) in Lyman limit systems may provide important insight into the initial conditions for the primordial nucleosynthesis process, early chemical evolution, and the galaxy formation process.