Brown Dwarfs in the Pleiades Cluster. II. J, H and K photometry

Abstract

We have obtained near-IR observations of some of the faintest objects so far known towards the Pleiades cluster, with the aim of investigating the sequence that connects cluster very low-mass (VLM) stars with substellar objects. We find that IR data combined with optical magnitudes are a useful tool to discriminate cluster members from foreground/background late-type field stars contaminating optical surveys. The bottom of the Pleiades sequence is clearly defined by the faint HHJ objects as the VLM stars approaching the substellar limit (SL), by the transition object PPl15, which will barely ignite its H content, and by the two brown dwarfs (BDs) Calar3 and Teide1. Binarity amongst cluster members could account for the large dispersion observed in the faint end of the IR colour- magnitude diagrams. Two objects in our sample, namely HHJ6 and PPl15, are overluminous compared to other members, suggesting probable binarity. We have reproduced the photometric measurements of both of them by combining the magnitudes of cluster VLM stars and BDs and using the most recent theoretical evolutionary tracks. The likely masses of the components are slightly above the SL for HHJ6, while they are 0.080 and 0.045+-0.010 Msun for PPl15. These masses are consistent with the constraints imposed by the published Li observations of these Pleiads. We find a single object IR sequence in the Pleiades connecting VLM stars and BDs. We propose that the SL (~0.075 Msun) in the Pleiades (~120 Myr) takes place at absolute magnitudes M(I,J,H,K)=12.4, 10.1, 9.4, 9.0 (~M7). Cluster members fainter by 0.2mag in I and by 0.1mag in K should be proper BDs. The star-BD frontier in the Hyades would be located at M(I,J,H,K)=15.0, 11.6, 10.8, 10.4 (~M9). For ages older than 1000 Myr we estimate that BDs are fainter than M(K)=10.9 (later than M9.5).