Constraining the cosmological baryon density with X-ray clusters

Abstract

We study the properties of X-ray galaxy clusters in four cold dark matter models with different baryon fraction $Ω_{BM}$ ranging from 5 to 20 per cent. By using an original three-dimensional hydrodynamic code based on the piecewise parabolic method, we run simulations on a box with size $64 h^{-1}$ Mpc and we identify the clusters by selecting the peaks in the X-ray luminosity field. We analyse these mock catalogues by computing the mass function, the luminosity function, the temperature distribution and the luminosity-temperature relation. By comparing the predictions of the different models to a series of recent observational results, we find that only the models with low baryonic content agree with the data, while models with larger baryon fraction are well outside the 1-$σ$ errorbars. In particular, the analysis of the luminosity functions, both bolometric and in the energy band [0.5--2] keV, requires $Ω_{BM}\mincir 0.05$ when we fix the values $h=0.5$ and $n=0.8$ for the Hubble parameter and the primordial spectral index, respectively. Moreover we find that, independently of the cosmological scenario, all the considered quantities have a very little redshift evolution, particularly between $z=0.5$ and $z=0$.