On the Nature of the Radial Velocity Variability of Aldebaran: A Search for Spectral Line Bisector Variations

Abstract

The shape of the Ti I 6303.8 A spectral line of Aldebaran as measured by the line bisector was investigated using high signal-to-noise, high resolution data. The goal of this study was to understand the nature of the 643-day period in the radial velocity for this star reported by Hatzes and Cochran. Variations in the line bisector with the radial velocity period would provide strong evidence in support of rotational modulation or stellar pulsations as the cause of the 643-day period. A lack of any bisector variability at this period would support the planet hypothesis. Variations in the line asymmetries are found with a period of 49.93 days. These variations are uncorrelated with 643-day period found previously in the radial velocity measurements. It is demonstrated that this 50-day period is consistent with an m=4 nonradial sectoral g-mode oscillation. The lack of spectral variability with the radial velocity period of 643 days may provide strong evidence in support of the hypothesis that this variability stems from the reflex motion of the central star due to a planetary companion having a mass of 11 Jupiter masses. However, this long-period variability may still be due to a low order (m=2) pulsation mode since these would cause bisector variations less than the error measurement.