Dust grains and the structure of steady C-type magnetohydrodynamic shock waves in molecular clouds

Abstract

I examine the role of dust grains in determining the structure of steady, cold, oblique C-type shocks in dense molecular gas. Gas pressure, the inertia of the charged components, and changes in ionisation are neglected. The grain charge and rate coefficients for electron-neutral and grain-neutral elastic scattering are assumed constant at values appropriate to the shock interior. An MRN size distribution is accounted for by estimating an effective grain abundance and Hall parameter for single-size grains. A one-parameter family of intermediate shocks exists for each shock speed v_s between the intermediate signal speed v_A cos theta and sqrt{2} v_A cot theta, where v_A is the preshock Alfven speed and theta is the angle between the preshock magnetic field and the normal to the shock front. In addition, there is a unique fast shock for each v_s > v_A. If the preshock density n_H is greater than about 10^5 cm^-3 and the preshock magnetic field satisfies B(mG) less than about n_H(10^5 cm^-3) grains are partially decoupled from the magnetic field and the field and velocity components within fast shocks do not lie in the plane containing the preshock field and the shock normal. The resulting shock structure is significantly thinner than in models that do not take this into account. Existing models systematically underestimate the grain-neutral drift speed and the heating rate within the shock front. At densities in excess of 10^8 cm^-3 these effects may be reduced by the nearly-equal abundances of positive and negative grains.