The Evolution of Galaxies in Compact Groups

Abstract

We present the analysis of the spectra of 62 galaxies in 15 compact groups. The galaxies were classified in four activity classes: galaxies without emission, starburst nucleus galaxies (SBNGs), luminous AGNs and low-luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs). The star formation in the HCG starbursts is more intense than in normal spirals, but comparable to those in the field SBNGs. Their mean gas metallicity is solar and they do not follow the metallicity-luminosity relation traced by the early-type SBNGs in the field, suggesting that most of them are late-type SBNGs. This morphology preference coupled to the observation that the HCG starbursts are predominantly in the halo of the groups is consistent with the idea that compact groups are embedded in sparser structures. The stellar metallicities of the non starburst galaxies are relatively high for their luminosities. In these galaxies the equivalent widths of the metal absorption lines are slightly narrower than normal while the Balmer absorption lines are relatively strong. All these galaxies could be ``post-starburst'' at an advanced stage of evolution. Our observations are supporting a scenario where the core of the groups are slowly collapsing evolved systems embedded in more extended structures (Ribeiro et al. 1998). In the core of the groups, the interactions were more frequent and the galaxies evolved at a more rapid rate than in their halos.