Soft X-ray transient light curves as standard candles: exponential versus linear decays

Abstract

A recent paper by King and Ritter (1998: hereafter KR) proposed that the light curves of soft X-ray transients (SXTs) are dominated by the effect of irradiation of the accretion disc by the central X-rays. This prevents the onset of the cooling wave which would otherwise return the disc to the quiescent state, and so prolongs the outbursts beyond those in dwarf nova discs. KR show that the decay of the resulting X-ray light curve should be exponential or linear depending on whether or not the observed peak X-ray luminosity is sufficient to ionize the outer edge of the accretion disc. Here we examine the observed X-ray decays, and show that they are exponential or linear according as the peak luminosity is greater or smaller than the critical value defined by KR, strongly suggesting that the light curves are indeed irradiation--dominated. We show further that the occurrence of an exponential or linear decay tends to favour the same type of decay in subsequent outbursts, so that systems usually show only one or the other type. We use the equations of KR and the observed X-ray light curve to determine the size $R_{h}$ of the hot disc at the peak of the outburst. For exponential decays, $R_{h}$ is found to be comparable to the circularization radius, as expected since the disc consists entirely of material transferred from the secondary since the previous outburst. Further, $R_h$ is directly proportional to the time at which one sees the secondary maximum ($t_{s}$), as expected if $t_{s}$ is the viscous timescale of the irradiated disc. This implies that the orders of magnitude of the viscosity parameter alpha and disc aspect ratio H/R are such that alpha (H/R)~0.01. Observation of a secondary maximum calibrates the peak luminosity and gives an eqaution for the distance to the source.